Kidney Health Resources: Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about kidney disease, dialysis, and what to expect at your appointment.
A nephrologist is a medical specialist trained to diagnose and treat diseases of the kidneys. This includes conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerulonephritis, kidney stones (when linked to systemic disease), electrolyte imbalances, and hypertension related to kidney problems. Nephrologists also manage dialysis care and evaluate patients for kidney transplantation.
A referral to a nephrologist is recommended when:
- Blood tests show elevated creatinine or reduced kidney function (low GFR)
- Protein or blood is found in the urine
- Blood pressure is difficult to control despite medication
- A patient has diabetes or other conditions that may affect the kidneys
- There is unexplained swelling in the legs or face
- A family history of kidney disease exists
Patients should bring:
- All recent blood and urine reports
- A list of current medications (with doses)
- Any imaging reports (ultrasound, CT scan)
- A referral letter from the treating physician, if available
- A brief written note of symptoms and their timeline
Chronic kidney disease is a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is classified into five stages based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In early stages (1–3), there may be no symptoms, which is why regular blood and urine tests are important for people at risk, especially those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease. In advanced stages (4–5), dialysis or transplant may become necessary.
Not always. Some patients with acute kidney injury require dialysis temporarily until the kidneys recover. In patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 5), dialysis may be needed long-term unless a kidney transplant is an option. Many patients on dialysis manage well with proper medical support and adjustments to their routine.
Many forms of kidney disease can be slowed or prevented through:
- Early detection with regular check-ups
- Blood pressure control (target below 130/80 mmHg for most patients)
- Good diabetes management (HbA1c below 7% for most)
- Adequate hydration
- Avoiding excessive use of painkillers (NSAIDs)
- Not smoking
- Maintaining a healthy weight
A kidney biopsy is a procedure where a small sample of kidney tissue is taken using a thin needle, usually under ultrasound guidance. It is analysed under a microscope to identify the exact type of kidney disease. A biopsy is recommended when blood and urine tests suggest a glomerular disease or when the cause of kidney damage is unclear, as the findings directly guide treatment decisions.
Dr. Gupta offers teleconsultation for follow-up visits and second opinions via secure video. This is especially useful for patients outside Gurugram who need ongoing care. To schedule, message on WhatsApp or use the appointment request form.
General Diet Tips for Kidney Health
Note: These are general guidelines. Dietary needs vary by CKD stage and individual health conditions. Always consult the doctor before making dietary changes.
- Limit sodium (salt) intake to less than 2,000 mg per day
- Monitor protein intake; the doctor will advise the right amount based on kidney function stage
- Stay well hydrated unless advised to restrict fluids
- Be cautious with potassium-rich foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes) if potassium levels are high
- Limit phosphorus-rich foods (processed foods, cola, dairy) if advised
- Avoid excessive use of painkillers (ibuprofen, diclofenac) without medical supervision
- Maintain a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains as tolerated